[Narrator] Previously on the Titans That Built America, [旁白]《塑造美国的泰坦》前情提要，
as World War I comes to a close, a new generation 随着第一次世界大战的结束，新一代的泰坦们
of titans are on the rise. 正在崛起。
[Man] We're in the age of the machine. [男人] 我们处在机器时代。
[Narrator] Three car makers fight for dominance. [旁白] 三家汽车制造商争夺主导地位。
This is my father Henry Ford. 这是我父亲亨利·福特。
[Man] To Pierre du Pont. [男人] 敬皮埃尔.杜.邦。
(crowd cheers) [人群欢呼声]
The Chrysler 70. 这就是克莱斯勒70型。
(crowd talks over each other) [人群彼此交谈声]
[Narrator] As a battle rages to take down Ford, [旁白]当一场扳倒福特的战斗愈演愈烈时，
he and his son Edsel have their sights set on a new industry. 他和他的儿子埃德塞尔将目光投向了一个新的行业。
We should get into this. 我们应该进入这一行业。
[Narrator] They go head to head with a young upstart who wants to make his name in aviation, [旁白] 他们与一名，想要在航空领域成名的年轻的暴发户，携手共进，
William Boeing. 他就是威廉·波音。
Very excited to tell you about Boeing's new plane. 很高兴向大家介绍波音公司的新飞机。
(camera pops) [照相机快门声不停]
Pull. 放。
(gunshots fire) [枪声]
Hahaha, nothing like it. 哈哈哈，没有比这更好的了。
[Narrator] With the warring twenties and full swing, [旁白] 二十年代战争如火如荼，
a skyscraper war begins as Chrysler looks to own the skyline. 一场摩天大楼之战，开始了克莱斯勒公司想要拥有城市的天际线。
So why you building the tallest building in the world? 你为什么要建造世界上最高的建筑?
So I can look down on GM. 这样，我就可以看低“通用汽车”。
Ha ha. 哈哈。
[Narrator] But du Pont won't be out done and plans a building of his own. [旁白] 但杜邦不甘心，他计划自己建造一座大楼。
Same height as Chrysler's, a bit taller than. 和克莱斯勒一样高，比它略高一点。
The Empire State building. 这就是帝国大厦。
(driving beat begins) [强有力的节奏音乐开始响起]
亨利.福特
小J.P.摩根
威廉.波音
沃尔特.克莱斯勒
皮埃尔.杜.邦
塑造美国的泰坦们 第二集 翻译：hardstick 校订：hatdstick 时间轴：hardstick
(seagulls caw) [海鸥呱呱叫]
[Reporter] Mr. Morgan? [记者] 摩根先生？
(reporters chatter) [记者们喋喋不休]
(flashbulbs pop) [闪光灯此起彼伏]
Mr. Morgan, what are the best investments and what is your opinion on US steel? 摩根先生，什么是最好的投资? 您对美国钢铁行业有什么看法?
I'll say this, General Motors stock is very undervalued. 我得说，通用汽车的股票，被严重低估了。
[Reporter] Mr. Morgan, one more question. [记者] 摩根先生，还有一个问题。
[Morgan] Thank you. [摩根] 谢谢你。
Mr. Morgan, one more please one more question, please. 摩根先生，请再问您一个问题。
Thank you gentlemen. 谢谢你们，先生们。
[Narrator] By 1929,Wall Street has become the most famous street in America. [旁白] 到1929年，华尔街已经成为美国最著名的街道。
And JP Morgan Jr. is its King. 小J.P.摩根是它的统治者。
There's a saying about JP Morgan Jr. 有一种说法是关于小J.P.摩根。
And his partners in the late 1920s, they're called Jesus Christ and his 12 apostles 他的合伙人在20世纪20年代末，他们被称为：耶稣基督和他的12个使徒， （马丁.霍恩，麦克马斯特大学副教务长）
and so that gives you some sense of the stature of JP Morgan Jr. on Wall Street. 这让你对小摩根在华尔街的地位，有了一定的了解。
He says in effect, I think GM's future looks bright 他说，实际上，我认为，通用汽车的未来，看起来是光明的，
and GM stock surges in price and then the stock market follows. 通用汽车的股价会飙升，然后股市也会随之上涨。
[Narrator] Thanks to Morgan and his fellow bankers, [旁白]多亏了摩根和他的银行家同行，
the stock market has climbed nearly 40% in just one year. 股市在短短一年内攀升了近40%。
To investors and even ordinary Americans, 对于投资者，甚至普通美国人来说，
there's a sense that you can't lose. 都有一种“你不可能输”的感觉。
The thing about the roaring twenties, it was the go go. 关于繁荣的二十年代，那是一种狂热。
Everybody was optimistic,markets were soaring, when it's so easy 每个人都很乐观，市场在飙升，
for anybody to go get out a loan and then go speculate. 当时任何人，都可以很容易地获得贷款，然后进行投机。 （尼尔.卡什卡里，联邦储备银行明尼阿波利斯支行主席）
And not just speculation from professional investors. 这不仅仅是专业投资者的猜测。 （安德鲁.罗斯.索尔金，《纽约时报》财金专栏作家）
But this was the first time that Joe on the street saw the stock market going up 但这是乔第一次在街上看到股市上涨，
and decided I'm going to go get myself a loan to buy stock. 并决定去贷款买股票。
And by the way, I'm going to make a handsome profit doing it. 顺便说一下，我将从中获得一笔可观的利润。
It was like a boom like we've never had. 这是我们从未有过的繁荣。 （吉姆.克莱默，全美广播公司财经频道《疯狂的资本》节目主持人）
There was a belief that we were in the Emerald City. 大家都相信我们是生活在“翡翠城”。 （童话《绿野仙踪》中的一座安全富裕的城堡）
[Radio Announcer] Day by day we were nearer to the final [广播播音员]我们一天比一天更接近战胜贫困的最终胜利，
triumph over poverty ever before in the history of any land. 这在任何国家的历史上都是前所未有的。
[Narrator] One industry in particular reaps the rewards [旁白] 有一个行业从飞速增长的经济中
from the soaring economy, automobiles. 获益颇多的，那就是汽车行业。
In 1929, American spend a half billion dollars on new cars. 1929年，美国人在新车上花费了5亿美元。
The American automobile industry had a larger economy 美国汽车工业的经济规模 （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
than every country on earth, with the exception 比世界上任何一个国家都大，
of Germany, France, Britain,maybe the Soviet Union. 除了德国、法国、英国，也许还有苏联。
[Narrator] 80% of the entire us car market is controlled by just three companies. [旁白] 美国80%的汽车市场被三家公司所控制。
Du Pont's General Motors has the top spot. 杜邦旗下的“通用汽车”位居榜首。
While Ford is second. 福特排名第二。
And then there's Chrysler. 接着就是，克莱斯勒。
Okay, fellas, let's take a look. 好了，伙计们，我们来看看。
[Narrator] In the eight years since he left GM, [旁白]在他离开“通用汽车”的8年里，
he's grown his company into the number three 他把他的公司，发展成为美国
automaker in America but he's determined to be number one. 第三大汽车制造商，但他决心要成为第一。
Let me show you this. 让我给你看看这个。
[Narrator] And in order to do that,he's going to take things to another level [旁白] 为了做到这一点，他将把竞争力
by raising the competition to new heights. 提升到一个新的高度。
You see here, this stretches up to the third floor. 你看，这一直延伸到三楼。
I want it to feel like you're stepping through the doorway into a city. 我想让你有一种走进城市大门的感觉。
[Narrator] He's recently started construction on a tower, [旁白]他最近开始建造一座塔，
that he plans to make the tallest in the world. 他计划让它成为世界上最高的塔。
He calls it the Chrysler building. 他称之为克莱斯勒大厦。
Business entrepreneurs at the top of game. 商业企业家在游戏的顶端。
It's about personal dynamics and relationships 这是关于他们与同事、
that they have with their colleagues and their peers 合伙人和竞争对手之间的个人内心驱动性
and their rivals and they want to beat them. 和相互关系，以及他们想要击败对手。
And whether it's a business or whether it's my house 不管是生意更大了，还是我的家更大了，
is bigger or my building is bigger, that's the game. 还是我的建筑物更大了，这都是在比赛。
And that's how it's all scored. 这就是评分的方式。
[Narrator] The skyscraper's construction is a monumental feat, 30,000 tons of steel [旁白] 这座摩天大楼的建造是一项不朽的壮举，
and more than 3 million bricks will be needed. 需要3万吨钢材和300多万块砖。
In a building this size,every single detail matters. 在这么大的建筑里，每一个细节都很重要。
One of the key innovations in the Chrysler building was the world's fastest elevators. 克莱斯勒大楼的关键创新之一是，世界上最快的电梯。 （杰森.巴尔，《建造天际线》的作者及经济学家）
And the building had the longest continuous elevator shaft in the world at the time. 这座建筑拥有当时世界上最长的连续电梯井。
[Narrator] But Chrysler doesn't just want his tower [旁白]但克莱斯勒不仅希望他的塔
to be the tallest, it also must be the most beautiful. 是最高的，它还必须是，最漂亮的。
Every entrepreneur knows what their, 每个企业家都知道他们的 （马克.库班，达拉斯小牛队经营者及拥有者）
their special sauce is, what their, their greatest skill is. 独门秘笈是什么，他们最大的技能是什么。
With Chrysler, his was beauty and precision. 在克莱斯勒看来，他的风格是，美丽和精确。
This is Nirosta stainless steel, it's German. 这是德国的尼罗斯塔不锈钢。 （蒂森.克鲁格公司旗下的品牌）
Walter Chrysler, whatever he did, 沃尔特·克莱斯勒，无论他做什么，
he was going to be the best at it. 他都要做到最好。
All right. 全都好了。
He was going to build the most beautiful skyscraper. 他要建造，最美丽的摩天大楼。 （贝蒂.刘，纽约股票交易所前执行副主席）
It was going to be the tallest. 它将会是最高的。
It was going to be the talk of the world. 这将成为全世界的热点话题。
(dramatic orchestral music swells) [戏剧性的管弦乐响起]
[Newsreel Announcer] High above street level, [新闻片解说] 高于街道高度，
about 1,000 feet high in the air 大约1000英尺高，直入云霄的
on the Chrysler building looking over Lexington Avenue. 克莱斯勒大厦俯瞰着，列克星敦大道。
[Narrator] As it nears completion in the summer of 1929, [旁白] 当它在1929年夏天接近完工时，
Chrysler wants to make sure the world takes notice. 克莱斯勒想要确保，全世界都注意到它。
Mr. Chrysler. 克莱斯勒先生。
[Narrator] So he hires one of America's top photographers to document the building. [旁白] 所以他雇了一位美国顶尖的摄影师，来记录这栋建筑。
Let me show you what I have going on. 让我给你看看，我在做什么。
Yeah, let's see it. 是的，让我们看看。
Margaret Bourke-White is an amazing photographer 玛格丽特·伯克-怀特是一位了不起的摄影师，
who is known for her photos of factories and city life and architecture. 她以拍摄工厂、城市生活和建筑而闻名。
And one of the reasons that she stands out is that she's willing to go places 她脱颖而出的原因之一是，她愿意去别人
that no one else will just for that perfect shot. 不会去的地方，只为了那完美的镜头一瞬间。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
[Narrator] Dangling high above Manhattan,Bourke-White captures the spectacle of Chrysler's building. [旁白] 高悬在曼哈顿的上空，伯克-怀特捕捉到了克莱斯勒大楼的壮观景象。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
Her death defying photos help make Chrysler and his building the biggest news of the year. 她藐视死亡的照片，使克莱斯勒和他的建筑，成为今年最大的新闻。
But Chrysler has competition. 但克莱斯勒也有竞争对手。
Less than 10 blocks away,du Pont has grand plans for a skyscraper of his own. 不到10个街区外，杜邦有自己的摩天大楼宏伟计划。
The Empire State Building. 帝国大厦。
They've demolished the old Waldorf Astoria hotel 他们拆除了旧的华尔道夫酒店，
and have raised over $40 million for the construction 并筹集了4000多万美元用于建筑，
of the building, over a half billion in today's dollars. 相当于今天的5亿多美元。
But now with Chrysler so far ahead, some are questioning whether the project is worth the investment. 但现在，克莱斯勒遥遥领先，一些人质疑，这个项目是否值得投资。
What do you think we should do? 你觉得，我们该怎么做?
We're going to build. 我们接着造。
(energetic strings begin) [充满活力的弦乐开始演奏]
[Narrator] du Pont has no interest in standing down. [旁白]杜邦无意退出。
He's going to continue until he beats Chrysler. 他会继续下去，直到打败克莱斯勒。
So he keeps pushing the architects to make the building taller. 所以他一直督促建筑师，把大楼建得更高。
They'll be coming from a factory in Pittsburgh and they'll be ordering 250,000 tons. 它们将来自匹兹堡的一家钢铁工厂，他们将满足25万吨订单。
There was sort of a personal rivalry among architects. 建筑师之间有一种个人竞争。
So you have developers who have these big egos, who are trying to outdo each other. 所以有些开发承包商非常自负，他们试图超越彼此。
You have the architects who are also sort of part of this game. 建筑师也是这个比赛的一部分。
[Narrator] The newspapers begin referring to it as the skyscraper race. [旁白] 报纸开始称它为摩天大楼竞赛。
It's often impossible to keep your plans to add height secret 要保守你增加高度的计划的秘密，通常是不可能的，
because you have to file these plans with the buildings department. 因为你必须向城市建筑规划部门，提交这些计划。
[Narrator] But now with competition heating up and construction nearly complete, [旁白]但现在，随着竞争的白热化和工程的接近完成，
Chrysler is starting to worry. 克莱斯勒开始担心了。
He wants to make sure when all is said and done, 他想要确定，当一切都说出了，做出了，
there's no question whose building is tallest. 谁家的建筑是最高的，已经是毫无疑问的。
So he went to his architect and he says you will go back to the drawing board 所以他去找他的建筑师，他说你会回到绘图板上，
and you add extra height,you figure out some way that we can make our building even taller. 你会增加额外的高度，你要想办法，让我们的建筑变得更高。
(car honks) [汽车鸣笛声]
1929年十月23日
[Narrator] For months,Chrysler's team has been working on a secret project. [旁白] 几个月来，克莱斯勒的团队一直在研究一个秘密项目。
Tomorrow he plans to unveil it to the world. 他计划明天向全世界公布它。
Let's go, let's go. 我们走，我们走。
Let's go. 走吧。
Hold on, hold on. 继续，继续。
[Narrator] Within the crown of the building, [旁白]在建筑的冠部，
hidden from view, Chrysler's team has constructed a massive steel spike. 在人们看不到的地方，克莱斯勒的团队，建造了一个巨大的尖顶。
We need the beams over there, all the points stack left. 我们需要光束在那里，所有的点堆叠在左边。
Hold on, hold on, hold on, 继续，继续，继续，
Okay, we're going up, we're going up! 好了，我们上去了，上去了!
Steady, steady, steady! 稳住，稳住，稳住！
(triumphant music) [胜利的音乐声]
Hold on, hold on. 继续，继续。
[Narrator] Now, in the dark of night, [旁白] 现在，在漆黑的夜晚，
the team raises the metal structure through the top of the building. 团队把金属结构从建筑顶部举起来。
(sweeping music) [大胜的音乐]
(workers talk indistinctly) [工人们不清楚的谈话声]
(phone rings) [电话铃声]
Hello? 你好？
[Narrator] With the first rays of the dawn, [旁白]随着黎明的第一缕阳光，
Chrysler's steel spire can be seen piercing the sky. 可以看到克莱斯勒的钢塔尖，刺穿了天空。
Overnight, Chrysler has added nearly 200 feet 一夜之间，克莱斯勒的建筑增加了近200英尺，
to his building, surpassing even the Eiffel Tower. 甚至超过了埃菲尔铁塔。
The Chrysler Building is indisputably the tallest structure that humans have ever created. 克莱斯勒大厦，无疑是人类有史以来，建造的最高建筑。
(crowd cheers) [人们的欢呼声]
Great job boys, great job. 干的漂亮，干的漂亮。
Chrysler was more than willing to spend a significant amount of money to have his building 克莱斯勒非常愿意花一大笔钱，让他的建筑
express his sort of modern architectural view of the world 表达他对世界的现代建筑观点，
and to reflect his power and his success. 并反映他的权力和成功。
[Narrator] It's a huge moment for the titan. [旁白] 这是泰坦的重要时刻。
It's the flapper buildings,it's jazz as an edifice. 这是浮华的建筑，这是作为大厦的爵士乐。
It is all the audacity all the bombast of the 1920s 这是所有的大胆，所有20世纪20年代的
captured in concrete and steel. 夸大其词都体现在混凝土和钢铁中。
Look at it, that's history right there. 看看，这就是历史。
It was so sexy and so new looking and so fresh 它是如此性感，如此新颖，如此新鲜，
and so striking that if my building looks like this, well 如此引人注目，如果我的建筑是这样的，那么
certainly the cars have gotta be something pretty special. 这些车肯定是非常特别的。 （唐尼.多伊奇，多伊奇广告传媒股份有限公司前主席）
So it was the biggest billboard for a brand that was ever built. 所以这是一个品牌，有史以来最大的广告牌。
[Radio Announcer] The Chrysler building at 42nd street and Lexington is the tallest structure in the world. [电台播音员] 位于列克星敦第42街的克莱斯勒大厦，是世界上最高的建筑。
It's gigantic tower dominates the city and it can be seen from nearly everywhere. 它的巨塔俯视着整个城市，几乎在任何地方都能看到它。
From it the views of Manhattan's are sublime, 从这里可以俯瞰曼哈顿的美景，
it's silver spire flashing in the sun, 它的银色尖顶在阳光下闪闪发光，
a monument of wealth and social prestige. 是财富和社会声望的纪念碑。
But New York is not only steel and stone. 但纽约不仅只有钢铁和石头。
It is people too, millions of beating hearts, 它也是人们，数以百万计跳动的心，
lights and shadows, tears and laughter, work and play, 光和影，眼泪和笑声，工作和娱乐，
night and day and so it moves from the memories of yesterday 夜晚和白天，所以它从昨天的回忆
into the promise of tomorrow. 进入明天的希望。
1929年十月24日 星期四
[Narrator] Less than 24 hours after Walter Chrysler tops out his building, [旁白] 沃尔特·克莱斯勒的大楼竣工后不到24小时，
the U. S. Stock Market is taking a nose dive. 美国股票市场就开始暴跌。
In the year before the Stock Market crash in 1929, 在1929年股市崩盘的前一年，
fortunes are being made all over the place. 到处都在创造财富。
And there's this belief, this optimism that the bull market will never end. 有一种信念，这种乐观主义认为，“牛市永远不会结束”。
No one could have foreseen what was coming in October of 1929. 没有人能预见到1929年10月发生的事情。
[Narrator] In an instant,the roaring twenties are over. [旁白] 转瞬之间，繁荣的二十年代结束了。
And the fortunes of the Titans and the entire country 泰坦和整个国家的命运
will never be the same. 将永远不会相同。
(dark forboding music) [黑暗的不祥音乐] （1929年十月29日，星期二）
(bells ringing) [铃声响起]
What's the position on standard oil? 你对“标准石油”的地位有什么看法?
Standard oil is down by 14% and dropping. 标准石油公司的股价下跌了14%，而且还在继续下跌。
U.S. steel down by 200. “美国钢铁公司”股价下跌了200点。
Sell down all the stock yet? 抛空所有的股票吗？
Hold the position on standard oil. 保持“标准石油”的股市地位。
[Narrator] In just three days,the stock market loses almost half its value. [旁白] 短短三天，股票市场损失了几乎一半的价值。
After a decade of reckless spending, 在10年不计后果的投资之后，
investors suddenly start to get nervous and begin offloading shares by the tens of millions. 投资者突然开始紧张起来，开始大量抛售股票。
It's the biggest sell off in history. 这是史上最大的一次抛售。
Traders know what that feels like and they know what it means. 交易员知道那是什么感觉，也知道那意味着什么。
It starts to feed on itself and it, and the momentum just picks up so rapidly. 它开始吞噬自己的身体，而且这个转换时刻，来的是如此之迅猛。 （斯塔西.坎宁安，纽约股票交易所主席）
And so, when the market started selling off in 1929,it snowballed. 因此，当市场在1929年开始抛售时，就像滚雪球一样。
If you're a stock broker looking up at a board 如果你是一名股票经纪人，在1929年抬头
in 1929 and just watching the numbers tick down minute 看着一个股价公告牌，看着数字一分钟一分钟地 （安德鲁.罗斯.索尔金，《纽约时报》财金专栏作家）
by minute by minute,it'll make your heart stop. 下降，你会心跳停止。
I think that there were people who just couldn't even fathom what they were looking at. 我认为有些人，甚至无法理解，他们所看到的是什么。
JP Morgan is watching his world crumble before his eyes JP·摩根眼看着他的世界崩溃了，
but he knows if anyone can pull the country out of the crisis, it's him. 但他知道，如果有什么人，能把国家从危机中拉出来，那就是他自己。
(crowd talks over each other) [人群互相议论]
[Reporter] Mr. Morgan, what's happening? [记者] 摩根先生，发生了什么事?
Has the stock market stopped falling? 股市停止下跌了吗?
The worst is over, everything's going to be okay. 最糟糕的时刻已经过去，一切都会好起来的。
[Reporter] Are you sure? [记者]你确定吗?
Trust me, everything's going to be fine. 相信我，一切都会没事的。
JP Morgan says, things are fine. J.P.摩根说，一切都会好起来的。 （吉姆.克莱默，全美广播公司财经频道《疯狂的资本》节目主持人）
Everybody goes back and buys. 大家回去，该买进就买进。
U. S. Steel up to one seven. “美国钢铁公司”涨了七分之一。
Good. 很好。
[Narrator] By the power of his word alone, JP Morgan turns around the stock market and makes sure [旁白]仅凭他的一句话，J.P.摩根就扭转了股市，并确保
that he buys at the lowest point to make a huge profit. 他在最低点买入，从而获得巨额利润。
Most people think the Great Depression began right after the stock market crash. 大多数人认为，大萧条是在股市崩盘后开始的。
Though the crash of 29 is considered the start of the Great Depression, in fact, it took another couple 尽管29年的崩盘，被认为是大萧条的开始，但事实上，
of years before the full depth of this depression hit the American public. 大萧条是又过了几年，才全面冲击美国公众的。 （杰米.戴蒙，摩根大通集团首席执行官）
So in the world of the stock market, there's this thing called a V-shaped recovery. 在股票市场中，有一种现象叫做v型复苏。
You just go down real quick and come back real quick. 你只要是快速跌下，就会快速回升。
So in the brief aftermath of the crash there actually was a little V and at the time, 所以在股价下跌后的短暂时间里，实际上有一个小V，而在当时，
they thought it was a big V. 他们认为这是一个大V型。
[Narrator] With the crash seemingly over, [旁白] 随着危机看似的结束，
du Pont decides he's still going to beat Chrysler with the tallest building in the world, 杜邦决定，他仍然要用世界上最高的建筑，来击败克莱斯勒，
the Empire State building. 那就是帝国大厦。
In the fall of 1929 Raskob and du Pont,they're crunching the numbers. 1929年秋天，拉斯科布和杜邦，他们在研究数据。 （就是通用汽车的董事约翰.拉斯科布）
From du Pont's point of view,it made perfect sense to go forward. 从杜邦的角度来看，继续前进是完全合理的。 （杰森.巴尔，《建造天际线》的作者及经济学家）
There was every reason to believe at that point that their project would be economically successful. 当时人们有充分的理由相信，他们的项目，在经济上是成功的。
But Chrysler's new spire has complicated du Pont's plan. 但克莱斯勒的新塔尖，使杜邦的计划变得复杂。
So his architects add floors to increase the height. 所以他的建筑师增加了楼层，来增加楼高度。
[du Pont] It will be taller. [杜邦] 这样会更高一点。
[Builder] Yes, 1,054 feet. [建造者] 是的，1054英尺。
[du Pont] And the Chrysler building? [杜邦] 那克莱斯勒大楼呢?
[Builder] 1,050 feet. [建造者] 1050英尺。
So we'll be four feet taller? 所以我们会高四英尺?
Yes. 是的。
The original plans for the Empire State building was just to have a flat top 帝国大厦最初的计划，只是要有一个平顶，
at a height that was greater than a Chrysler's building. 高度比克莱斯勒的大楼还要高。
Four feet. 四英尺。
Chrysler gets to stick an umbrella on top and say he's taller. 克莱斯勒可以在上面撑一把伞，说他更高。
But evidently that wasn't enough comfort. 但显然这还不够，达到心理安慰。
It wasn't enough room to be sure that they were going to have the world's tallest building. 这并没有足够的空间，来确保他们将拥有世界上最高的建筑。
So in December of 1929, they announced that they have come 所以在1929年12月，他们宣布他们
up with this plan to erect a 250 foot high structure 已经提出了这个计划，要加高建造一个高达250英尺的建筑，
which is mostly decorative, so that is a statement. 主要是装饰性的，所以，这是一个声明。
Du Pont wanted to literally and figuratively put Walter Chrysler's building in the shade. 杜邦想从字面上和形象上，让沃尔特·克莱斯勒的建筑，相形见绌。
[Narrator] To create a building of this magnitude, [旁白]为了建造如此巨大的建筑，
du Pont oversees the most ambitious construction project in American history. 在杜邦监督下，建造了美国历史上，最雄心勃勃的建筑项目。
Every day, 57,000 tons of steel arrive from Pittsburgh. 每天有五万七千吨钢铁，从匹兹堡运抵。
All the materials,all the steel and stone and the piping, everything needed to arrive 所有的材料，所有的钢铁，石料和管道，所有的东西都需要
at the site just in time for when it was to be put in place. 及时到达现场，以便在它被安装到位的时候。
And legend has it that the steel was still warm to touch. 据传说，那钢铁摸起来还是温热的。
[Narrator] A new floor is added each day,thanks in part to the talents of a new group of workers. [旁白]每天都有一层新楼板被盖上，这部分要归功于一群新工人的才华。
Native American ironworkers from the Mohawk tribe actually play a role 来自莫霍克部落的美国土著铁架工人，实际上
in the construction of the Empire State building. 在帝国大厦的建造中，发挥了作用。
They're sought after ironworkers 他们受到铁架工人的追捧，
because they're recognized as masters of the craft and for being fearless 因为他们是公认的技艺大师，也因为他们无所畏惧，
because of their ability to work hundreds of feet in the air. 因为，他们能够在数百英尺高的空中工作。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
[Narrator] The Empire State building is a true Colossus. [旁白] 帝国大厦是真正的巨像。
Three times wider than the Chrysler building 比克莱斯勒大楼宽三倍，
and the first building in the world to have more than 100 floors. 是世界上第一座超过100层的大楼。
For Chrysler, it's a disaster. 对克莱斯勒来说，这是一场灾难。
His enemy's building is overtaking him right before his eyes. 敌人的建筑，就在他眼前，把他包围了。
Chrysler decides his only move is to try to stop the construction. 克莱斯勒决定，他唯一的行动，就是试图阻止建设。
Chrysler launches a smear campaign. 克莱斯勒发起了一场抹黑运动。
Form take two. 第二幕开拍。
[Narrator] To make people doubt that the Empire State building is structurally sound. [旁白] 让人们怀疑帝国大厦的结构是否健全。
And action. 开拍。
Do you think it's possible to build anything taller than the Chrysler building? 你觉得有可能建一座，比克莱斯勒大楼更高的大楼吗?
No I do not. 不，我不认为能建。
Skyscrapers must have seemed strange to people as electricity once had. 摩天大楼对人们来说一定很奇怪，就像曾经的电力一样。
They saw these massive buildings arising out of the landscape 他们看到这些巨大的建筑拔地而起，
and many wondered if they'd topple over. 许多人怀疑，它们是否会倒塌。
A tall structure has the potential to develop 高层结构有可能发生
stress fractures that could lead to catastrophic failure. 应力裂缝，从而导致灾难性的破坏。
So you're saying the Chrysler building will be the tallest 你是说克莱斯勒大楼在可预见的将来
building for the foreseeable future? 会是最高的大楼?
[Narrator] du Pont knows this is just Chrysler being Chrysler. [旁白] 杜邦知道，这就是克莱斯勒的本性。
Construction continues without delay. 施工继续进行，没有延误。
The sooner he can top out his skyscraper,the sooner he can claim victory over Walter Chrysler. 他越早建成摩天大楼，就能越早宣布对沃尔特·克莱斯勒的胜利。
But as it nears completion,Chrysler takes one last swing 但当它接近完工时，克莱斯勒进行了最后一次动摇，
saying the tower shouldn't count, since it's decorative. 这座塔不应该算数，因为它是装饰用的。
Coming from the person who pushed a metal spire up to make his building taller. 这个说法，来自那些把金属尖顶推上来，使他自己的大楼更高的人。
Du Pont responds by taking a page out of Chrysler's playbook. 杜邦的回应是，不理会克莱斯勒的剧本编排。
He tells the press that the tower is far more than just decorative. 他告诉媒体，这座塔不仅仅是装饰。
It's a docking station for airships, 那是飞艇的停靠站，
and he can prove it. 而他可以证明这点。
They announce a plan to erect a mooring mast where airships could anchor. 他们宣布了一项计划，要在飞艇可以停泊的地方，竖立一根系泊桅杆。
The passengers would then exit the air ship and then they would go down the elevator. 然后乘客们会离开飞艇，然后他们会下电梯。
But these things are utter fiction. 但这些都完全是虚构的。
[Narrator] In fact,no airship ever docked with du Pont's tower. [旁白] 事实上，没有飞艇停靠在杜邦的塔上。
The photograph he distributed to the newspapers 他发给报纸的照片，
was a fake created by a specialist a half century before Photoshop. 是在ps软件出现的半个世纪前，制作的图片赝品。
They knew at the time that the mooring mast would never be able to moor air ships. 他们当时就知道，系泊桅杆永远无法拴住飞艇。
The truth is when you're 1,250 feet in the air, 事实上，当你在1250英尺的高空时，
the forces of wind are incredible. 风的力量，是不可思议的。
There did not exist a captain who was willing to 当时没有一个艇长愿意
dock at the top of the Empire State building. 在帝国大厦顶部靠岸。
The mooring mast, if anything,was a kind of exclamation point, 如果有什么区别的话，那系泊桅杆就像是一个感叹号，
a way to say this race is over,there's no way you can beat us now. 告诉我们，这场比赛已经结束了，你们不可能打败我们了。
[Narrator] The Empire State building officially opens. [旁白] 帝国大厦正式开放。
In just two years, the New York skyline has been permanently altered 在短短的两年里，纽约的天际线已经被永久地改变了，
thanks to competing egos. 这完全要归功于虚荣心作祟。
And Pierre du Pont can now say he built the tallest structure on earth, 皮埃尔·杜邦现在可以说，他建造了世界上最高的建筑，
but it quickly turns into a hollow victory. 但这很快就变成了，空洞的胜利。
Nobody is leasing office space. 没有租户来租他的办公区域。
The Empire State building is virtually empty. 帝国大厦内几乎空无一人。
There's a bit of a myth about what really happened in terms of the timing around the Great Depression. 关于大萧条时期，究竟发生了什么，人们有一点误解。
It looked after 1929,that things might be okay, 1929年之后，情况看起来可能还好，
but just for a moment,the V shaped recovery, 但就在那一刻，V型复苏，
you could call it just like a check mark before a real swoon. 你可以把它称为，真正昏迷前的一个折勾号。
[Narrator] By 1931, the Great Depression has arrived. [旁白] 1931年，大萧条来临。
And this time not even JP Morgan can stop it. 这一次，连J.P.摩根都无法阻止。
(forboding music) [前奏音乐]
House and property is estimated at $7.3 million, 房屋和财产估计为730万美元，
commercial properties,including the Manhattan office 商业物业，包括曼哈顿办公室
hold value at $12.6 million, liquid cash holdings 持有价值为1260万美元，流动现金持有
are approximately 256 million and change. 约为2.56亿美元和等价交换物。
As the Great Depression takes hold,the house of Morgan is cut in size by half. 随着经济大萧条，摩根的房子被缩小了一半。 （马丁.霍恩，麦克马斯特大学副教务长）
Furniture vehicles,non-commercial ancillary properties. 算上家具车辆，非商业辅助物业。
For God's sake, get to the point. 天啊，你就说重点。
Overall assets down by 400 million. 总资产缩水了4亿。
So it is dramatically affected. 所以，它受到了极大的影响。
[Narrator] The stock market loses 90% of its value and America faces another unforeseen disaster. [旁白] 股票市场损失了90%的价值，美国面临着另一场不可预见的灾难。
The nation's banks begin to fail. 全国的银行纷纷倒闭。
So we all put our deposits in a bank and we expect to get that money back with some interest. 所以我们都把钱存进了银行，我们希望拿回这些钱，并有一定的利息。 (尼尔.卡什卡里，联邦储备银行明尼阿波利斯支行主席)
But if we all get scared,then I want to run to the bank 但如果我们都害怕了，我就想在你之前跑到银行去，
before you do, I want to pull my money out before you do, 我想在你之前把钱取出来，
and then everybody pulls out, that's a bank run,and the bank collapses. 然后所有人都把钱取出来，这就是“银行挤兑”，银行就倒闭了。
[Narrator] By the end of 1931, 3,000 banks have closed [旁白] 到1931年底，3000家银行倒闭，
and with them, billions of dollars simply vanish. 数十亿美元，随之消失。
To watch your net worth disappear, 看着你的净资产消失， （安德鲁.罗斯.索尔金，《纽约时报》财金专栏作家）
in some cases, in a matter of minutes and hours. 在某些情况下，在几分钟或几小时内就完成了。
I know they're just numbers but there's a reality behind that. 我知道它们只是数字，但这背后却是现实。
And there are so many people who lived through that period and it changed them, 有很多人都经历过那个时期，它改变了他们，
it changed them forever. 永远地改变了他们。
[Reporter] Half the active manpower of the United States drifting helplessly in search of work. [记者] 美国一半的劳动力，在无助地寻找工作。
Marriages off by 22%,birth rate down sharply, 结婚率下降22%，出生率急剧下降，
suicide rate, 40% higher. 自杀率上升40%。
[Narrator] By the beginning of 1932 the world's strongest economy has ground to a halt. [旁白] 1932年初，世界上最强大的经济体陷入停滞。
This becomes the deepest,longest lasting economic downturn not just in us history. 这不仅是美国历史上最严重、持续时间最长的经济衰退。
It's a global phenomenon with a devastating impact. 这是一个具有毁灭性影响的全球现象。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
Spending is down across the board. 消费全面下降。
In New York City, no one is leasing office space in du Pont's new tower. 在纽约市，杜邦公司的新大楼里没有人出租办公空间。
The press is calling it,the Empty State building. 媒体称之为“空国大厦”。
The news from his car company is even worse. 来自他的汽车公司的消息更糟。
GM's sales are down by two thirds 通用汽车的销量下降了三分之二，
and Walter Chrysler is doing just as badly. 沃尔特·克莱斯勒的情况也同样糟糕。
The reality is, if you've lost everything 现实是，如果你失去了一切，
and you can't even afford to feed yourself 甚至连自己都养不起，
the last thing on your mind is going to be buying a new automobile. 你脑子里想的最后一件事就是，买一辆新车。
密歇根州 迪尔伯恩 福特汽车公司
[Narrator] Henry Ford initially believes he's well positioned to ride out the depression. [旁白] 起初，亨利·福特认为自己处于有利位置，能够安然度过大萧条。
Henry Ford, he never trusted Wall Street. 亨利·福特从不相信华尔街。
He thought Wall Street was gambling and that it was to rip off the folks. 他认为华尔街是在设赌局，是在剥削民众。
All good here, fellas? 都还好吧，伙计们?
So when the Great Depression hit and every company's stocks are going downwards, 所以当大萧条来了，每个公司的股票都在下跌，
you're watching Henry Ford say I don't play the Stock Market. 你会看到亨利·福特在说，我从不玩股市。
[Narrator] But before long, the depression catches up with him too. [旁白]但不久，他也陷入了抑郁。
Ford hasn't seen car sales so low since before World War I. 自第一次世界大战以来，福特从未见过汽车销量如此之低。
密歇根州 迪尔伯恩 福特航空
Ford's airplanes are doing even worse. 福特的飞机表现更糟。
[Reporter] Hungry men live in shacks reaching the braod avenues of... [记者] 饥肠辘辘的人们住在通往宽阔大道的小棚子里...
Two things happened with Ford aviation at the beginning of the depression. 大萧条初期，福特航空公司发生了两件事。
One is the demand for $50,000 airplanes dried up 一个是，5万美元飞机的订货，几乎立即消失，
almost instantly and the other thing that happened was there was a number of crashes. 另一件发生的事情是，发生了几起坠机事件。 （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
Within the span of a single year,there were four major crashes of Ford Tri Motors that killed over 40 people. 在一年内，福特三发飞机发生了四起重大坠机，造成40多人死亡。
In several cases, everyone aboard the aircraft died. 有几次，机毁人亡。 （阿曼达.古德哈特.帕克斯，新英格兰航空博物馆历史学家）
(dial tones) [拨号音]
Of course I tried six times. 当然，我试了六次。
You're welcome to try them yourself. 欢迎你自己试试。
No, that's not what I meant. 不，那不是我要说的。
Look, nobody's flying. 听着，现在没人愿意飞行了。
Yeah, I'm doing it. 是的，我正要这么去做。
[Narrator] There's one person Edsel knows that could convince the public the Tri Motors are safe, [旁白 ]埃德塞尔认识一个人，可以让公众相信三发飞机是安全的，
but Ford's partner in aviation, Charles Lindbergh is dealing with a crisis of his own. 但福特在航空领域的合作伙伴查尔斯·林德伯格，也在处理自己的危机。
In 1932, Lindbergh's 20 month old son is kidnapped. 1932年，林德伯格20个月大的儿子被绑架。
Everything about Charles Lindbergh was a big story. 关于查尔斯·林德伯格的一切都是大新闻。 （琳妮.奥尔森，《在那些愤怒的日子里》作者及历史学家）
The birth of his baby was a big story. 他孩子的出生是个大新闻。
And then when that child was kidnapped,it was the biggest story in the United States. 当那个孩子被绑架的时候，这成了美国最轰动的新闻。
[Narrator] And then his child is found dead. [旁白] 然后他的孩子，被发现死了。
The press refuse to leave him alone. 新闻界不愿放过他。
Lindbergh is devastated. 林德伯格崩溃了。
What if we, we built with the metal, you know, like boomy. 如果我们用金属建造呢，就像“布米号”那样。
Dad, wasn't expecting you. 爸爸，没想到你会来。
Everything okay? 一切都还好吗？
It's time to cut our losses. 是时候止损了。
What are you talking about? 你在说什么?
I'm shutting Ford Aviation down. 我要关闭福特航空公司。
We have orders, it could be huge. 我们有订单，可能是大订单。
That's it, it's over. 就这样了，它结束了。
Can I trust you to make this happen? 我能相信你，让这些发生吗？
Sure, Dad, 当然，父亲，
whatever you want. 你怎么做都行。
Good. 很好。
(downhearted music) [垂头丧气的音乐]
Edsel was devastated,one of his friends said that they had never seen him so depressed. 埃德塞尔崩溃了，他的一个朋友说他们从未见过他这么沮丧。
Just like that Edsel Ford's whole identity, 就像埃德塞尔·福特的整个身份，
his whole future, what he thought it was going to be was gone. 他的整个未来，他所认为的一切都消失了。
[Narrator] But while most titans are struggling to survive, the Great Depression, one is thriving. [旁白] 当大多数巨头都在为生存而挣扎时，大萧条时期，有一家巨头正蓬勃发展。
William Boeing. 威廉.波音。
Even though there was a depression going on for the rest of the United States, 尽管当时美国其他地区正在经历经济萧条， （杰瑞米.金尼，国家航空航天博物馆馆长）
there were still lucrative airmail contracts 但美国政府仍然有利润丰厚的
from the U S government and so it was a very good time 航空邮件合同，所以这对在20世纪30年代的
especially for Boeing and the early 1930s. 波音来说，是一个非常好的时期。
[Narrator] Americans might not be buying cars or taking trips but they're sending more letters than ever. [旁白] 美国人可能不再买车或旅行，但他们比以往任何时候都要寄信。
And Boeing's planes are moving them. 波音公司的飞机正在运送这些邮件。
(airplane engine roars) [飞机引擎轰鸣声]
Boeing now controls most of the air mail business but he wants all of it. 波音现在控制着大部分航空邮件业务，但他想要全部。
Mr. President. 总统先生。
[Narrator] He's come to Washington to make his case to the president, Herbert Hoover. [旁白] 他来到华盛顿向赫伯特·胡佛证明自己的观点。
Now you and I both know there is no oversight. 现在，你我都知道，这里没有监管措施。
Do you honestly believe you're not being bled dry? 你真心的相信，你没有被榨干吗？
I play by rules but these other guys they're raking you over the coals. 我循规蹈矩，但这些人，他们会用煤耙子喀哧你。
Mr. Boeing. 波音先生。
Mr. President. 总统先生。
William Boeing convinced the Hoover administration that these small independent companies 威廉·波音说服胡佛政府，这些独立的小公司
that had airmail contracts were actually cheating the federal government. 也拥有着航空邮件合同，但他们实际上是在欺骗联邦政府。
Boeing argued, you really should be trusting, reliable,dependable, trustworthy companies 波音的观点是，你真的应该是与那些值得信任的，可靠的，值得信赖的公司，
like my company with the airmail contracts and amazingly the Hoover administration agreed. 就像我们这样的公司，签订航空邮件合同，令人惊讶的是，胡佛政府同意了。
[Narrator] The new routes are worth millions of dollars for Boeing's growing business. [旁白]对于波音不断增长的业务来说，新航线价值数百万美元。
While the rest of the industry struggles to survive, 当该行业的其他公司，都在为生存而挣扎时，
Boeing buys up aviation companies for pennies on the dollar and adds them to his empire. 波音却以极低的价格收购航空公司，并将它们纳入自己的帝国。
Bill Boeing makes this incredible vertical business. “比尔”·波音做了一个不可思议的一揽子业务。
Airplanes, engines, propellers. 飞机，引擎，螺旋桨。
He has a school to train pilots and mechanics and even builds his own airfield. 他拥有一所培训飞行员和机械师的学校，甚至还建造了自己的机场。 （迈克尔.隆巴尔迪，波音公司的历史学家）
Everything under one corporation. 一切都在一个公司之下。
Boeing has bought nearly every airplane company in the country, combining them 波音公司收购了美国几乎所有的飞机公司，
into the largest airline the world has ever seen. 将它们合并成，世界上最大的航空公司。
He calls the new company, United Airlines. 他称新公司为“联合航空公司”。
[Narrator] By 1932, William Boeing has expanded his empire with his newly formed United airlines. [旁白] 到1932年，威廉·波音通过新成立的“联合航空公司”，扩大了他的帝国。
But for most Americans,the depression is taking a devastating toll. 但对大多数美国人来说，大萧条正在造成毁灭性的损失。
When the stock market crashed,Herbert Hoover thought that was just a weird spasm 当股市崩盘时，赫伯特·胡佛认为这只是股市的一次
in the stock market and we would come back so he didn't do anything. 奇怪的"痉挛"，我们会缓过气来的，所以他什么都没做。 （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
And meanwhile, people suffered like you can't even imagine. 与此同时，人们遭受着，你无法想象的痛苦。
People were living in little shanty towns,they started being called Hoovervilles. 人们住在狭窄的小棚户区，开始被称为“胡佛村”。
We were in deep dark shape. 我们陷入了深深的黑暗之中。
Things went from bad to worse so quickly that American business was in grave peril. 事情变得越来越糟，以至于美国的商业，处于严重的危险之中。
They need consumers. 他们需要消费者。
They need a sound currency. 他们需要稳健的货币。 （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
They need a sound banking system. 他们需要一个健全的银行体系。
They need an overall economy that's going to function well on a macro level 如果他们想要保持盈利，他们需要一个宏观层面
if they're going to remain profitable themselves. 运转良好的整体经济。
[Narrator] du Pont has closed GM factories and laid off workers and still, [旁白]杜邦关闭了通用汽车的工厂，解雇了工人，
he's losing millions. 但他仍然损失了，数百万美元。
(thunder claps) [雷雨拍打声]
In New York, Wall Street is a ghost town and J. P Morgan is bleeding money. 在纽约，华尔街是一座鬼城，J.P摩根正在赔钱。
By 1932, as the depression tightens and deepens 到1932年，随着大萧条的加剧和加深，
as millions of more Americans go on the unemployment roles, 数以百万计的美国人走上失业的道路， （马丁.霍恩，麦克马斯特大学副教务长）
as the savagery of the great depression becomes more apparent, 随着大萧条的残酷程度越来越明显，
J.P Morgan Jr. And the house of Morgan, J.P摩根和他的摩根财团，
they begin to doubt Hoover. 他们开始怀疑胡佛政府。
Many American business leaders thought that Herbert Hoover's administration handled it so poorly. 许多美国商界领袖认为，赫伯特·胡佛政府处理得非常糟糕。
They needed decisive action. 他们需要果断的行动。
[Narrator] Morgan and du Pont decide the time has come for a change. [旁白] 摩根和杜邦决定，是时候，做出改变了。
With an election coming,they make it their mission to get President Hoover kicked out of office. 随着选举的到来，他们把让胡佛总统下台，作为自己的使命。
They found their candidate, an elite like them, 他们找到了他们的候选人，一个像他们一样的精英，
from one of the most respected political families in America. 来自美国最受尊敬的政治家族之一。
Governor. 州长先生。
[Narrator] Franklin Delano Roosevelt. [旁白] 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福。
Mr. Morgan, my friend, Pierre du Pont 摩根先生，这是我的朋友，皮埃尔·杜邦
Good to meet you, sir. 很高兴见到你，阁下。
Good to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
Franklin Roosevelt was a aristocratic child, 富兰克林.罗斯福出身名门，
a patrician, born on the Hudson river, 他家是哈德逊河畔的富贵家族，
lived there, went to prep school, went to Harvard. 住在那里，在那里上了预科学校，并进入了哈佛大学。
He was very much in the upper-class in New York. 他在纽约，属于上流社会。
He could really communicate extremely well with people from all classes, 他真的可以和来自不同阶层、
all religions, all races, et cetera. 不同宗教、不同种族的人，很好地交流。 （琳妮.奥尔森，《在那些愤怒的日子里》作者及历史学家）
[Narrator] Although he conceals it from the public,FDR has lived with polio since the age of 39. [旁白] 尽管他对公众隐瞒，罗斯福从39岁起就患有小儿麻痹症。
He didn't do anything to bring on his polio. 他对他的小儿麻痹症，无能为力。
Now for the rest of his life,he couldn't walk again unaided. 现在，在他的余生中，他再也不能，在没有帮助的情况下行走。
And the essence of the great depression for millions of Americans was, 对数百万美国人来说，大萧条的本质是:
"I didn't do anything wrong,but the sky fell in upon me." “我没做错任何事，但天就塌下来了。” （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
And Roosevelt was able to connect with those people. 罗斯福能够与这些人，找到共同的感受。
Mr. Harrison's office please. 请到哈里森先生办公室。
Well, wake him up. 好吧，请把他唤醒。
[Narrator] Morgan and du Pont throw their influence and their money behind FDR. [旁白] 摩根和杜邦把他们的影响力和金钱，都投给了罗斯福。
Let's talk about the Roosevelt campaign. 我们来谈谈罗斯福的竞选活动。
Yes, I want to talk to you about the Roosevelt campaign. 是的，我想和你谈谈罗斯福竞选。
We're very excited about Roosevelt. 我们对罗斯福，感到非常振奋。
I think he's all right. 我认为他没问题。
du Pont and the house of Morgan,and turning their attention away from Herbert Hoover 杜邦和摩根财团，把他们的注意力从赫伯特·胡佛身上转移开， （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
and embracing FDR,supporting FDR with their money. 开始拥抱罗斯福，并用他们的金钱资助他。
This really was an example of an early super pack. 这是早期“狼群”的典型做法。
[Narrator] On the campaign trail,FDR is greeted by huge crowds. [旁白] 在竞选活动中，F.D罗斯福受到了大批民众的欢迎。
He blames Hoover for the nation's misery and positions himself as the candidate of change, 他将国家的苦难归咎于胡佛，并将自己定位为变革的候选人，
promising desperate Americans a new deal. 向绝望的美国人承诺，他的一项新政。
He was very fuzzy on what the new deal was going to be. 他对新协议的内容很不清楚。
He simply promised that the government would be more active and be more helpful, 他只是承诺政府会更活跃，更有帮助，
but it wasn't clear what that meant. 但不清楚，这意味着什么。 （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
All they knew was it sounded a whole lot better than be very quiet 他们只知道，这听起来比赫伯特的沉默
and seemingly too little too late ideas of Herbert. 和似乎“太少及太晚”的想法，要好得多。
I am confident. 我很自信。
He was a great politician, FDR and he was able to appeal to the unemployed, 罗斯福是一位伟大的政治家，他能够吸引失业者 （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
the working people,without startling the rich industrial titans. 和劳动人民，而不惊动富有的产业巨头。
Well we'll wait and see. 好吧，我们拭目以待。
[Narrator] FDR wins the election in a landslide. [旁白] 罗斯福以压倒性优势赢得大选。
(cheering and applause) [欢呼与掌声]
His inaugural address brings hope to millions. 他的就职演说，给数百万人带来了希望。
[FDR] So first of all, let me assert my firm belief [F.D.罗斯福] 因此，首先，让我表明我的坚定信念：
that the only thing we have to fear is 我们唯一不得不恐惧的，
fear itself. 就是恐惧本身。
(pplause and cheering) [掌声和欢呼声]
Good morning sir. 早上好，先生。
[FDR] And there must be an end to a conduct in banking and [F.D罗斯福] 我们必须制止银行业
in business which too often has given to a sacred trust 和商界的一种行为，这种行为常常使神圣的委托
the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. 与冷酷和自私的不法行为，混为一谈。
The speech is one of the great political speeches of the 20th century. 这篇演讲是20世纪最伟大的政治演讲之一。 （马丁.霍恩，麦克马斯特大学副教务长）
[FDR] Practices of the unscrupulous money changers [F.D罗斯福] 无耻的货币兑换商的种种行径
stand indicted in the court of public opinion. 将受到舆论法庭的起诉。
And the Morgan bankers, they're expecting that their voice will be listened to in the White House 而摩根银行的银行家们，他们希望白宫能倾听他们的声音，
as it has been more or less since 1918,incorrectly as it transpired. 就像1918年以来的那样，但事实并非如此。
[FDR] They have resorted... [F.D罗斯福] 他们求助于...
[Narrator] In the speech,Roosevelt says the first thing he's going to do is go after the bankers. [旁白] 在演讲中，罗斯福说他要做的第一件事，就是对付银行家。
[FDR] This nation is asking for action and action now. [F.D罗斯福] 这个国家要求立即采取行动。
[Narrator] And within two weeks, FDR turns on Morgan and comes for him. [旁白] 不到两周，罗斯福就把矛头对准了摩根。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
(ominous music) [不祥音乐] （纽约 华尔街）
[Narrator] J. P Morgan Jr. Helped put Franklin Roosevelt into office but now, [旁白] 小J.P摩根帮助富兰克林·罗斯福上台，
the President is coming after him. 现在，总统正在追杀他。
How many? 有多少？
The hell is this? 这是什么鬼东西？
[Narrator] To pull America out of the depression, [旁白] 为了把美国从大萧条中拉出来，
FDR is targeting the people he thinks caused the crash. 罗斯福把目标对准了，他认为造成经济崩溃的人。
Bankers. 银行家们。
Roosevelt needed an enemy in order to justify the major changes he knew 罗斯福需要一个敌人来证明
he would have to undertake to get the economy moving and 他为推动经济发展，必须进行的重大改革，是合理的，
he was a good enough politician to know 他是一个足够优秀的政治家， （杰瑞米.苏里，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
that you had to find an enemy that many people would hate. 他知道，你必须找到一个许多人会讨厌的敌人。
And J. P Morgan was an obvious person. 而J.P摩根，就是一个显而易见的人。
His name was synonymous with Wall Street. 他的名字就是华尔街的代名词。
So, just like today, if you're upset with big business 所以，就像今天一样，如果你对大企业感到不满，
you call Jeff Bezos to testify before Congress and Mark Zuckerberg. 你可以叫杰夫·贝佐斯到国会和马克·扎克伯格面前作证。 （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
Well, J. P Morgan was that guy. 那么，J.P摩根就是那个人。
[Narrator] Now, FDR intends to create a public spectacle [旁白] 现在，F.D罗斯福打算创造出一种万众所指，
to ensure that J. P Morgan becomes the face of the stock market crash. 确保让J.P摩根，成为股市崩盘的代言人。
Roosevelt taps a tough New York lawyer, Ferdinand Pecora, 罗斯福让一位强硬的纽约律师费迪南德·佩科拉
to call Morgan before Congress. 在国会传唤摩根。
(press clamoring) [记者团的喧闹声]
The hearings as it turned out,were the subject of extraordinary interest. 事实证明，听证会是人们非常感兴趣的话题。 (马丁.霍恩，麦克马斯特大学副教务长)
[Pecora] Mr. Morgan. [佩科拉] 摩根先生。
Thank you very much for joining us today. 非常感谢你今天的到来。
It was late May early June, and it was unusually hot in Washington DC 那是5月底6月初，华盛顿特区异常炎热，
and there was no air conditioning in those days. 而且那时候还没有空调。
It was Torrid in every sense of the word. 这是一个不折不扣的“热”字。
You know what, proportion of your total business and total profits rise 你知道吗，你在股票交易所的交易
from your transactions on the stock exchange? 增加了你总业务和总利润的比例?
I wouldn't know off hand,it would take a long time to find out. 我不能马上知道，要花很长时间才能弄清楚。
What was the reason for not keeping any minutes or other written record of the proceedings? 为何不保留会议记录或其他书面记录?
Well, for reasons of convenience. 嗯，为了方便起见。
Take a man's time to write them up and they'd be of no use to you. 让别人花时间把它们写下来，而它们对你毫无用处。
Did you manipulate the stock market for your own gains? 你有没有为了自己的利益操纵股市?
Yes? 有过吗？
Yes, no. 是的，不是。
Mr. Morgan, please answer the question. 摩根先生，请回答问题。
Yes or no? 有过，还是没有过？
[Narrator] The hearings accomplish exactly what FDR wanted. [旁白] 听证会达到了罗斯福想要的效果。
Millions of Americans now believe that J. P Morgan 数以百万计的美国人现在相信是J.P摩根
and his Wall Street elites led the nation to ruin. 和他的华尔街精英们，导致了国家的毁灭。
FDR was not going to coddle the rich. F.D.罗斯福不会娇惯富人。 （吉姆.克莱默，全美广播公司财经频道《疯狂的资本》节目主持人）
He genuinely believed that the concentration of power in a few hands was bad for our country. 他真诚地认为，权力集中在少数人手中，对我们的国家有害。
[Narrator] But Roosevelt is doing more than just pinning the crash on J. P Morgan. [旁白]但罗斯福所做的，不仅仅是将危机归咎于摩根。
He's drawing a line in the sand between the rich elites and the rest of the country. 他在富裕的精英阶层，和这个国家的其他人之间，划清了界限。
He picked his enemies carefully and he cast them as these dinosaurs 他小心翼翼地挑选他的敌人，他把他们塑造成
who have only their own moneyed interests at heart and we need to get them out of the way, 心中只有自己金钱利益的恐龙，我们需要把他们赶走，
so that the American people could live up to the American dream. 这样美国人民才能实现美国梦。
[Narrator] To prove once and for all which side he's on, [旁白]为了一劳永逸地证明，自己站在哪一边，
FDR is going to take down another titan who got him elected. F.D罗斯福打算扳倒，另一个帮他当选的巨人。
Pierre du Pont 皮埃尔.杜邦
And to do it, FDR will capitalize on a best-selling book about world war one. 为了做到这一点，罗斯福将利用一本，关于第一次世界大战的畅销书。
The idea behind the "Merchants of Death" was that if the United States government and the American people were dragged into 《死亡商人》背后的想法是，假如，美国政府和美国人民 （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
or duped into war by bankers, by industrialists,by people who are going to profit from war. 是被银行家，实业家，以及想发战争财的人拖入或欺骗，进行了战争。
And one of the chief villains that they arrive at is du Pont. 其中一个主要的反派人物，就是暗指杜邦。
Pierre du Pont and the du Pont company were deeply offended by this. 皮埃尔·杜邦和杜邦公司对此深感不满。
They really genuinely did not see that they had done anything criminal. 他们真的没有意识到，自己做了什么犯罪的事情。
[Narrator] du Pont soon finds himself the subject of a congressional inquiry. [旁白] 杜邦很快发现，自己成了国会调查的对象。
You charged the government $100 million to build your smokeless powder piles and then another 200 million in operating expense. 你收取了1亿美元来建造无烟火药工厂，然后又收取了2亿美元的运营费用。
The du Pont company pocketed at a profit of nearly $50 million. 杜邦公司从中获利近5000万美元。
While thousands of soldiers were sent to their deaths. 而成千上万的士兵被送去送死。
(clock ticking) [怀表滴答声]
You are quite simply a war profiteer but now, operating not in accordance with the interests... 你简直就是一个战争投机商，但现在却不按照利益行事……
[Brand] For du Pont, 对于杜邦来说，
everything he's trying to leave behind resurfaces. 他想忘却的一切往事，又历历在目
du Pont and the du Pont company get the label of being the "Merchant of Death" 杜邦和杜邦公司获得了“死亡商人”的标签，
which is catchy 这是吸引人的
and horrific. 却也是可怕的。
Franklin Roosevelt was a very, very gifted politician. 富兰克林·罗斯福是一位非常非常有天赋的政治家。
And he saw this as a real opportunity to appeal to American voters. 他认为这是一个吸引美国选民的真正机会。
If du Pont was vilified in the process,that's the price of politics. 如果杜邦在这个过程中被诋毁，那就是政治的代价。
[FDR] This Nation is asking for action, [富兰克林] 这个国家要求采取行动，
and action now. 现在就要行动起来。
(applause) [掌声]
[Narrator] For du Pont,his family name and reputation have been dragged through the mud. [旁白] 对杜邦来说，他的家族名声和名誉都被玷污了。
But for Morgan, his entire empire is being threatened. 但对摩根来说，他的整个帝国都受到了威胁。
Congress passes a law that sets new rules for how Morgan can operate. 国会通过了一项法律，为摩根的运营制定了新规则。
His banking empire will be broken up. 他的银行帝国将被瓦解。
You have these titans who are used to calling all the shots. 这些巨头习惯于发号施令。
Who are used to having things go their way. 他们已经习惯了事情按照他们的意愿来进行。 （梅洛迪.霍布森，星巴克集团董事会主席）
They didn't like government interference. 他们不喜欢政府干预。
[Narrator] Unable to conduct business how he wants in America, [旁白]由于无法在美国，按照自己的意愿，经营业务，
Morgan turns his focus to an area FDR can't touch,outside of the U. S. 摩根将他的注意力转向了,罗斯福无法触及的美国以外的地区。
J. P Morgan Jr. Loaned millions of dollars to various countries to finance all kinds of regimes. 小J.P.摩根向各个国家贷款数百万美元，以资助各种政体。
It was financing the British Empire. 它为大英帝国提供资金。
It was financing the French Republic and it was financing Japan and Germany as well. 它资助了法兰西共和国，也资助了日本和德国。
But Germany now has a new leader. 但德国现在有了一位新领导人。
Adolf Hitler. 阿道夫·希特勒。
Loaning them money is a decision that Morgan will come to regret. 借钱给他们，是摩根日后，会后悔的决定。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
[Narrator] After cracking down on Morgan and du Pont,FDR turns to phase two of his recovery plan. [旁白] 在打压了摩根和杜邦之后，罗斯福开始了他复苏计划的第二阶段。
Getting the country back to work. 让国家重回正轨。
President Roosevelt told the nation 罗斯福总统告诉全国人民，
that the project would set an example of funding for all the generations to come. 这个项目将为子孙后代提供资金，并树立榜样。
Roads and trails are being made safe and easy for motor cars. 道路和小径正在变得安全，便于汽车通行。
Democracy had stepped on the gas. 民主已经踩下了油门。
FDR went in fast mode with his new deal programs 罗斯福在他的新政项目中进入了快速模式， （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
where you would build bridges and roads and infrastructure 你可以建造桥梁、道路和基础设施，
to constantly put some form of funding into middle-class 不断地将某种形式的资金投入到中产阶级、
poor and unemployed people's hands. 穷人和失业者的手中。
[Narrator] FDR chooses one project to be the centerpiece of his new deal. [旁白] 罗斯福选择了一个项目，作为他“新政”的核心。
It will require a massive workforce and four million cubic yards of concrete. 这需要大量的劳动力和四百万立方码的混凝土。
A project this big would be a perfect fit for industrial type means like Ford or du Pont, 这么大的一个项目，非常适合福特或杜邦这样的工业公司来承包，
but FDR doesn't trust them. 但罗斯福不相信他们。
So he gives it to an unknown. 所以他给了一个不知名的人。
His name is Henry Kaiser. 他叫亨利·凯泽。
Henry Kaiser starts out at the bottom of the construction industry. 亨利·凯泽从建筑行业的底层做起。
He's the son of immigrants.He comes from humble origins. 他是移民的儿子。他出身卑微。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
He doesn't go to Ivy league schools. 他没上过常春藤盟校。
But the one thing he learns early on is that, 但他很早就学会的一件事是，
he was always willing to work harder and longer than anyone else. 他总是愿意比任何人更努力、更长久地工作。
[Kaiser] We need to know if we can get those foundations in.. [凯泽] 我们需要知道我们是否能把这些基础...
[Narrator] One day,he'll have so many people working for him [旁白]终于有一天，他有这么多人为他工作，
that he starts a healthcare company for his workers. 他为他的员工开了一家医疗保健公司。
Kaiser Permanente. 凯泽医疗机构。
All of this here, all of this is gonna have to... 这一切，这一切都必须…
[Narrator] But right now, he's a nobody. [旁白]但现在，他是个无名小卒。
Now Kaiser has been given the job of his life. 现在凯泽得到了他一生中，最重要的工作。
Far out West in the hot barren desert. 在遥远的西部炎热贫瘠的沙漠里。
Kaiser's project is already underway. 凯泽的项目已经开始了。
If completed,it will be the most ambitious engineering project America has ever built. 如果完工，这将是美国有史以来，最雄心勃勃的工程项目。
The Hoover dam. 胡佛大坝。
Initial construction began under Herbert Hoover. 最初的建设始于赫伯特·胡佛时期。
Blasting enormous tunnels through solid rock to divert the Colorado river. 在坚硬的岩石上炸出巨大的隧道，使科罗拉多河改道。
Now more than two years into the project,the river bed is dry and ready 工程进行了两年多，河床已经干涸，
but the dam itself hasn't been started. 大坝还没有动工。
The press is calling it, 媒体称之为，
"The $50 million hole in the ground." “5000万美元大窟窿”。
It was an unimaginably hostile environment. 这是一个难以想象的恶劣环境。 （迈克尔,希尔茨克，《钢铁帝国》的作者及记者）
Desert heat of dust. 沙漠的炎热和沙尘。
Where's my engineer? 我的工程师呢?
Men who worked on it said that conditions were harsher than anything they had ever experienced. 在那里工作的人说，那里的条件，比他们经历过的任何时候，都要恶劣。
[Narrator] But Kaiser has run into a serious problem. [旁白] 但是凯泽遇到了一个严重的问题。
Constructing the largest dam in the world,requires a massive amount of concrete. 建造世界上最大的大坝，需要大量的混凝土。
120, this is way too hot. 120度，这太热了。
Enough to pave a two lane highway from San Francisco to New York. 足够铺一条从旧金山到纽约的双车道高速公路。
What's it at? 温度多少？
120 after 72 hours. 已经过了72小时，还是120度。
It's not enough. 这还冷却不够。
What do you think we should do? 你觉得我们该怎么做?
I need you to monitor this closely and let me know as soon as anything changes. 我需要你密切监控，一旦有任何变化就通知我。
You can take the temperature down. 你可以降低温度。
[Narrator] Pouring this much concrete can result in a very dangerous outcome. [旁白] 浇铸这么多混凝土，会导致非常危险的结果。
Cracking. 产生裂缝。
Concrete emits heat as it cures and if it's not cooled properly, 混凝土在固化时会释放热量，如果冷却不当，
you'll get cracks in the concrete and the entire structure will be much weaker and in fact, it might fail. 混凝土就会出现裂缝，整个结构就会变得很脆弱，事实上，它可能会失效。
There was so much concrete going into Hoover dam, 胡佛大坝有太多的混凝土，
experts estimated that it would take more than a century to fully cool down. 专家估计需要一个多世纪才能完全冷却。
In 1928,just a couple of years before Hoover dam project began, 1928年，就在胡佛大坝项目开始前几年，
the St. Francis dam in California had failed. 加州的圣弗朗西斯大坝失败了。
The reservoir behind St.Francis emptied in 11 minutes 圣弗朗西斯后面的水库在11分钟内就干涸了，
and then swept toward the coast,taking people, and houses, and livestock with it. 然后冲向海岸，带走了人们、房屋和牲畜。
450 people lost their lives. 450人丧生。
[Narrator] Kaiser needs to figure out a solution quickly or he could jeopardize FDRs new deal [旁白]凯泽需要尽快想出一个解决方案，否则他可能会危及罗斯福的新政，
and his project will be one of the most expensive failures in American history. 他的项目，将是美国历史上最昂贵的失败之一。
(dramatic music) [戏剧性的音乐]
内华达州 科罗拉多河
[Narrator] In the Nevada desert, the biggest most important project [旁白]在内华达沙漠，罗斯福新政中最大最重要的项目
in FDR's new deal is underway but Henry Kaiser has a problem. 正在进行，但亨利·凯泽遇到了一个问题。
He needs to find a way to cool four million cubic yards 他需要找到一种方法，来冷却四百万立方码的混凝土，
of concrete as it hardens or the Hoover Dam will fail. 否则胡佛大坝就会倒塌。
Henry Kaiser was someone who said "Get the job done no matter what it takes." 亨利·凯泽曾说过:“无论付出什么代价，都要把工作做好。”
And a good example of that is the challenge they have when they have to figure out 一个很好的例子就是，他们所面临的挑战，
how to cool the concrete used in the construction of the Hoover dam. 当他们必须弄清楚，如何冷却胡佛大坝建筑中，使用的混凝土时。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
He and his team figure out they can do this by cooling it from the inside out. 他和他的团队发现，他们可以通过从内到外冷却来做到这一点。
[Narrator] Kaiser embeds nearly 600 miles of piping into the concrete [旁白]凯撒在混凝土中嵌入了近600英里的管道，
and then pumps chilled river water through it. 然后将冰冷的河水泵入其中。
Henry Kaiser built a whole refrigeration plant 亨利·凯泽建造了一个完整的制冷装置 （迈克尔,希尔茨克，《钢铁帝国》的作者及记者）
to cool the water that would be pumped through the dam to help it cool properly. 用被泵加压穿过大坝坝体的冷水，以帮助它进行适当冷却。
[Narrator] With chilled water running through every section of the dam, [旁白]当冷水流经大坝的每个部分时，
the concrete cools in a fraction of the time. 混凝土在很短时间内就冷却了。
I think one of the critical components to being successful in business is being decisive 我认为在商业上取得成功的关键因素之一是果断， （戴蒙德.约翰，“为了我们自己，我们自己创造”品牌创始人及首席执行官）
because you're going to have a lot of naysayers, so you're going to have to be decisive and know, "I believe this is going to work. 因为你会有很多反对者，所以你必须果断并且知道，“我相信这是可行的。
I'm going to put all my energy behind it." 我要把我所有的精力都放在这件事上。”
[Narrator] Over 20,000 people will work on the Hoover dam but that's just the tip of the iceberg. [旁白] 超过两万人将为胡佛大坝工作，但那只是冰山一角。
All across America, FDR's new deal programs are creating millions of well-laying jobs 在美国各地，罗斯福的新政项目创造了数以百万计的良好就业机会，
and for the first time in years, 多年来人们第一次
people start to feel optimistic about the future. 开始对未来感到乐观。
Money is circulating in the hands of people and the assumption is that this might actually stimulate the economy. 货币在人们手中流通，人们认为这实际上，可能会刺激经济。
华盛顿州 西雅图
Good morning, Mr. Boeing. 早上好，波音先生。
Morning. 早上好。
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming. 女士们先生们，感谢你们的到来。
You are the first Americans to witness the future of aviation. 你们是第一批见证航空未来的美国人。
[Narrator] By late 1933,Boeing rules the skies and he's even built a passenger plane like no one's ever seen before. [旁白 ] 到1933年底，波音统治了天空，他甚至制造了一架前所未有的客机。
The Boeing 247 is faster than any other civilian plane. 波音247比其他任何民用飞机都快。
Boasting a top speed of over 200 miles per hour. 最高时速超过200英里。
You can have breakfast in New York and be in Los Angeles in time to catch the sunset. 你可以在纽约吃早餐，然后及时赶到洛杉矶看日落。
The Boeing 247 was a huge step forward in aviation both in design, 波音247在设计和技术上都是航空业的 (阿曼达.古德哈特.帕克斯，新英格兰航空博物馆历史学家)
as well as aviation technology. 巨大技术进步。
It's sleek, single wing, all metal, art deco design. 光滑，单翼，全金属，装饰艺术设计。
It just looks like a modern airplane. 它看起来就像一架现代飞机。
[Narrator] Boeing is betting that soon the public will be flying again [旁白]波音打赌，公众很快就会再次乘坐飞机，
and he's completely changing the entire flying experience. 他正在彻底改变整个飞行体验。
Bill Boeing's airline hired eight nurses to care for the passengers, “比尔”·波音的航空公司雇佣了8名护士来照顾乘客， （迈克尔.隆巴尔迪，波音公司的历史学家）
ease their fears and take care of them if they're sick during the flight. 减轻他们的恐惧，并在他们在飞行中生病时照顾他们。
These were the first flight attendants in the world. 他们是世界上最早的空乘人员。
Smile for the camera's ladies. 对着镜头，笑一个，女士们。
[Narrator] With his new plane and growing control of the skies,who could possibly stop him now? [旁白]有了他的新飞机，对天空的控制越来越大，现在谁能阻止他呢?
Just one man. 只有一个人。
The President. 总统。
He believes the government should be in charge of mail,not Boeing. 他认为政府应该负责邮件业务，而不是波音公司。
A scandal gives FDR his opening. 一桩丑闻，给了罗斯福机会。
Mr. Boeing, Mr. President. 波音先生，总统先生。
The air mail scandal was a disaster for William Boeing. 航空邮件丑闻对威廉·波音来说是一场灾难。
It really took the shine off of his company's reputation because newspapers across 这真的让他的公司名誉扫地，因为全国各地的报纸
the country were running front page stories about corruption, and bribery, and graft, 都在头版报道腐败、贿赂和贪污，
and suddenly William Boeing's entire aviation empire is now under the scrutiny of the public. 突然之间，威廉·波音的整个航空帝国，都处于公众的审视之下。
FDR believed that there was an unfair advantage given to these large corporate titans 罗斯福认为，这些大公司巨头以牺牲美国人民的利益为代价
to make profits at the expense of the American people. 来获取利润，这是一种不公平的优势。 (杰瑞米.金尼，国家航空航天博物馆馆长)
And so the charges of monopoly really drove Roosevelt to act. 垄断的指控，促使罗斯福采取行动。
William Boeing? 威廉.波音？
Yes? 是我？
What's this? 这是什么？
[Narrator] FDR terminates all of Boeing's air mail contracts. [旁白] 罗斯福终止了波音公司所有的航空邮件合同。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
[Narrator] In the wake of a scandal, FDR takes away all of William Boeing's air mail contracts. [旁白] 在一场丑闻之后，罗斯福取消了威廉·波音所有的航空邮件合同。
For Boeing, it's a catastrophe. 对波音来说，这是一场灾难。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
William Boeing was counting on that revenue and income to continue to invest in and expand his business. 威廉·波音指望着这些收入和所得，继续投资和扩大他的业务。
So without those airmail contracts, 因此，没有了这些航空邮件合同， （阿曼达.古德哈特.帕克斯，新英格兰航空博物馆历史学家）
he has now lost one of the only sources of guaranteed income in the 1930s. 他现在失去了20世纪30年代，仅有的保证收入来源之一。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
[Narrator] Roosevelt believes that just like with the Hoover Dam, airmail is best left [旁白] 罗斯福认为，就像胡佛水坝一样，航空邮件
in the trusted hands of the government. 最好交给政府来管理。
There had been corruption and bribery involved. 其中涉及腐败和贿赂。
And so President Roosevelt decided the U. S. Army Air Corps, 因此，罗斯福总统决定由美国陆军航空队，
the early American Air Force, would deliver the mail. 即早期的美国空军，负责投递邮件。 （琳妮.奥尔森，《在那些愤怒的日子里》作者及历史学家）
The Army Air Corps now have to pick up for these very experienced pilots who had been 陆军航空队现在必须，用这些非常有经验的飞行员，来搭载邮件， （迈克尔.隆巴尔迪，波音公司的历史学家）
flying every day over well-proven routes and scheduled airlines. 他们每天都在可靠的航线和定期航线上飞行。
They now have to pick it up and carry that forward. 他们现在必须搭载邮件，继续保证邮航前进。
[Narrator] The army realizes immediately just how unprepared they are for the job. [旁白] 军队立刻意识到，他们对这项工作是多么的措手不及。
Their planes are leftovers from World War I and most of the pilots are inexperienced. 他们的飞机是第一次世界大战遗留下来的，大多数飞行员都没有邮航经验。
They don't have the planes. 他们没有适合的飞机。
They don't have the infrastructure in terms of 他们没有基础设施
flying day and night around the clock 可以昼夜不停地在
in all types of weather operations 各种天气情况下飞行。
[Narrator] For the young pilots flying old planes,it's a disaster waiting to happen. [旁白]对于驾驶老式飞机的年轻飞行员来说，这是一场即将发生的灾难。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
In a span of six weeks,you have more than 60 crashes killing many young airmail pilots. 在六周的时间里，有60多起坠机事故，许多年轻的空邮飞行员丧生。
It was a public relations nightmare for FDR. 这对罗斯福来说是一场公关噩梦。
(somber music) [悲伤的音乐]
[Narrator] Roosevelt realizes he has no choice. [旁白] 罗斯福意识到他别无选择。
He reverses his decision and gives the airmail business back to private industry. 他改变了自己的决定，把航空邮件业务还给了私营企业。
It was a big humiliation for Roosevelt. 这对罗斯福来说，是个巨大的耻辱。
He had just been elected a year before and he was flying high. 他一年前刚当选，踌躇满志。
He was very popular because of the New Deal. 因为新政，他很受欢迎。
And this was his first real political defeat. 这是他第一次真正的政治失败。
[Narrator] But when FDR does give air mail back,there's a huge catch. [旁白] 但是，当罗斯福真的把航空邮件业务退回来时，设了一个巨大的门槛。
The government will no longer permit companies to both build planes and fly them. 政府将不再允许公司，同时制造飞机和驾驶飞机。
Boeing's empire is broken up but the president doesn't stop there. 波音的帝国已经瓦解，但总统还不止于此。
As punishment for creating a monopoly, 作为对他制造垄断的惩罚，
FDR specifically bans William Boeing 罗斯福特别禁止威廉·波音
for life from ever flying air mail again. 终身不得再从事航空邮件业务。
(plane engine whirs) [飞机引擎轰鸣]
It's a staggering blow to the aviation titan. 这对航空业巨头来说是一个惊人的打击。
Bill Boeing was very angry, disappointed “比尔”·波音对被政府打击
to be attacked by the government 并被指控为罪犯
and be accused of being a criminal. 感到非常愤怒和失望。
It crushed him. 这压垮了他。
(somber piano music) [哀伤的钢琴曲]
It was more than he could accept. 这是他无法接受的。
[Narrator] In just two decades, William Boeing turned a small plane-taking business [旁白]在短短二十年里，威廉·波音将一个小型飞机运输公司
into the largest aviation empire in the world, 变成了世界上最大的航空帝国，
taking out industrial giants along the way. 在这条道路上，干掉了工业巨头。
Now, while the company bearing his name will restructure 现在，虽然以他的名字命名的公司
and live on, William Boeing is forced into retirement. 将重组并继续存在，但威廉·波音被迫退休。
FDR has taken down another titan. 罗斯福又拿下了一个巨人。
After the Boeing scandal,FDR wants to make sure all American businesses play by the rules. 在波音丑闻之后，罗斯福希望确保，所有美国企业都遵守规则。
So he passes a sweeping new law forcing companies to allow unions. 因此，他通过了一项全面的新法律，迫使公司允许成立工会。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
This was an extraordinary moment. 这是一个非凡的时刻。
This shifted the power structure of American industry entirely. 这完全改变了美国工业的权力结构。 (A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人)
It became clear that business leaders didn't know what workers wanted or workers needed. 很明显，企业领导人不知道员工想要什么或需要什么。 （杰瑞米.苏里，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
And this was Roosevelt's way of trying to show the American public that he could maintain capitalism, 这是罗斯福试图,向美国公众展示他可以维持资本主义，
but improve the lives of those who were stuck in the system. 但要改善那些,被困在体制内人的生活方式。
Often in horrible jobs, by making their jobs better. 通常是在糟糕的工作中，通过改善他们的工作。
[Narrator] To industrial giants,the law is an attack on capitalism. [旁白] 对工业巨头来说，这项法律是对资本主义的攻击。
It was a huge change. 这是一个巨大的变化。
Government is going to tell you to some degree how to run your own business. 在某种程度上，政府会教导你，如何经营自己的企业。
People become entrepreneurs because they don't like other people telling them what to do. 他们之所以成为企业家，是因为他们不喜欢，别人教导他们。 （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
And now all of a sudden,the government's trying to tell them what to do. 现在突然之间，政府开始告诉他们该怎么做。
They didn't like it a bit. 他们一点也不喜欢。
密歇根州 迪尔伯恩 福特汽车公司
[Narrator] No one hates it more than Henry Ford. [旁白] 没有人比亨利·福特更讨厌它了。
Yes, no. I've only just heard. 是的,没有。我刚听说。
My God, this is exactly what I was trying to avoid. 天啊，这正是我想避免的。
No, I'll talk to him, myself. 不，我会亲自跟他谈。
What FDR was basically saying was 罗斯福的意思是，
yes, you guys have huge power but that power needs to be balanced. 是的，你们拥有巨大的力量，但这种力量需要平衡。 （卡尔丽.费奥瑞纳，惠普公司前首席执行官）
The early Henry Ford of the Model T era was seen as the ultimate people's person T型车时代早期的亨利·福特，被视为终极的亲民人物，
because of his $5 a day to workers, 因为他每天给工人5美元， （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
but he didn't believe in the union movement. 但他不相信工会运动。
And so if you were a union activist working in Henry Ford's facility 所以如果你是在亨利·福特工厂工作的工会积极分子，
you weren't going to keep your job for very long. 你的工作，不会持续太久的。
[Narrator] Ford calls Roosevelt a tyrant and says he'll never negotiate with unions. [旁白] 福特称罗斯福为暴君，并说他永远不会与工会谈判。
Henry Ford felt threatened by FDR. 亨利·福特感到了罗斯福的威胁。
The problem for Henry Ford and many industrialists at the time was 亨利·福特和当时的许多实业家面临的问题是，
that they saw the federal government trying to dictate how they ran their businesses. 他们看到联邦政府，试图教导他们，如何经营自己的企业。
And this did not sit well with Henry Ford. 亨利·福特对此并不满意。
Nobody was going to tell Henry Ford how to run his own business. 没有人会告诉亨利·福特如何经营自己的企业。
Heads of businesses never want regulations. 企业领导人从不希望监管。
They never want rules. No one does. 他们从不需要规则。没有老板想这样。 （斯蒂芬妮.吕勒，全国广播公司新闻节目高级商业记者）
But at that time in history,the everyday American the everyday worker wanted better rights. 但在历史上的那个时候，普通的美国人、普通的工人想要更好的权利。
In the middle of a depression,these titans' cries fell on deaf ears 在大萧条时期，这些巨头的呼声被置若罔闻，
because they weren't the most important voice. 因为它们不是最重要的声音。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐] （1935年九月30日）
[Narrator] By 1935,Franklin Roosevelt is as popular as ever [旁白] 1935年，富兰克林·罗斯福在西部一如既往地
and out west, the president celebrates a major victory for his New Deal. 受欢迎，总统庆祝他的“新政”取得重大胜利。
The dedication of the Hoover Dam. 胡佛水坝的落成典礼。
[FDR] Rising 726 feet above the bedrock of the river, [罗斯福] 从河床基岩升起了726英尺的大坝，
bordering the geography of a whole region, 它与整个地区的地理现状完美毗邻，
we are here to celebrate the completion of the greatest dam in the world. 我们在此庆祝，世界上最伟大的大坝的建成。
The Hoover Dam changed the United States and brought electricity to thousands and thousands of American families. 胡佛大坝改变了美国，为成千上万的美国家庭带来了电力。
And it put tens of thousands of people to work not just in the building of the dam 成千上万的人不仅参与了大坝的建设， （杰瑞米.苏里，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
but then in the management of the dam. 还参与了大坝的管理工作。
Hoover dam was in some ways the perfect New Deal project. 胡佛大坝在某种程度上，是完美的新政项目。
It brought light to people,it brought hope to people. 它给人们带来光明，给人们带来希望。
And it also brought confidence. 它也带来了信心。
We could do new things. 我们可以做一些新的事情。
We could achieve things again, we could overcome fear. 我们可以再次取得成就，我们可以克服恐惧。
(upbeat guitar music) [欢快的吉他音乐]
[Narrator] Remarkably absent from the dam's opening is the man who built it, Henry Kaiser. [旁白] 引人注目的是，在大坝揭幕式，并没有出现建造它的人，亨利·凯泽。
FDR has already sent him off to oversee more projects 罗斯福已经派他去监管更多的项目，
like the Oakland Bay bridge and the Grand Coulee dam. 如奥克兰海湾大桥和大古力大坝。
Two jobs worth a quarter billion dollars alone. 光是两份工作，就价值两亿五千万美元。
It's a massive investment in America, 这在美国是一项巨大的投资，
which FDR pays for by significantly raising taxes 罗斯福通过大幅提高美国最富有的巨头
on America's richest titans. 的税收来支付。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
The Roosevelt administration needed to find ways to fund the New Deal. 罗斯福政府需要想办法为新政提供资金。 (乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家)
One of those was a wealth tax. 其中之一就是征收财富税。
Roosevelt had the audacity to raise the wealth tax up to as much as 75%. 罗斯福大胆地将财富税提高到75%。
And he scared the bejesus out of industrial titans. 他把工业巨头吓得魂飞魄散。 (道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家)
(flames crackle) [火焰噼啪声]
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
Morgan is so angry with Roosevelt that it becomes personal 摩根对罗斯福非常生气，以至于这变成了私人恩怨，
and he can't stand to read or hear anything about FDR. 他无法忍受阅读或听到，任何关于罗斯福的东西。
[Butler] Wait. [管家] 等一下。
[Man] In fact, there's a story that Morgan's servants are instructed [男人] 事实上，有这样一个故事，摩根的仆人被指示
to cut out all references to FDR in the paper. 删去报纸上所有关于罗斯福的内容。
[Butler] Thank you. [管家] 谢谢你。
Morgan himself saw FDR as a class traitor, 摩根自己认为罗斯福是一个阶级叛徒，
as a charlatan, as a left wing hack 一个江湖骗子，一个为了讨好大众
who betrayed his own class in order to help the masses. 而背叛自己阶级的左翼骗子。
This to him was a cardinal sin. 这对他来说是，罪大恶极。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
(footsteps click) [脚步声]
[Narrator] For du Pont, whose reputation has already been destroyed by FDR, [旁白]对于杜邦来说，他的声誉已经被罗斯福毁掉了，
the wealth tax is the last straw. 财富税是压垮他的最后一根稻草。
He calls on other titans of industry to do something about it. 他呼吁其他行业巨头对此采取行动。
Gentlemen, we have been vilified for all the country's ills. 先生们，我们因为国家的弊病而受到诽谤。
We've become pariahs and it's all because of this president. 我们变成了贱民，这都是因为这位总统。
So, 所以，
we all know what we have to do. 我们都知道，自己该做什么。
All of these guys hated FDR. 这些家伙们都恨罗斯福。
He was raising 75% taxes on them. 他对他们提高了75%的税率。 （安德鲁.罗斯.索尔金，《纽约时报》财金专栏作家）
He was a fan of labor unions, 他是工会的支持者，
and he openly talked about how he hated the banks. 他公开谈论，他是如何讨厌银行的。
They thought he was a socialist. 他们认为，他是社会主义者。
[Narrator] Together, they form the American Liberty League. [旁白] 他们一起组成了“美国自由联盟”。
It's a bold move with one clear mission. 这是一个有明确使命的大胆举动。
Stop FDR from getting reelected. 阻止罗斯福连任。
Many different industry leaders, even competitors 许多不同的行业领袖，甚至是
within the auto industry came together 汽车行业的竞争对手，都聚集在
in the Liberty League because they shared a concern 这个自由联盟中，因为他们都担心
about the way Roosevelt was using his political 罗斯福会利用他的政治权力，
power to limit what they wanted to do. 来限制他们想做的事情。
Nothing brings competitors together better than a common enemy. 没有什么比共同的敌人，更能让竞争对手，团结在一起了。
[Narrator] They back a candidate to run against FDR, [旁白]他们支持一位与罗斯福竞争的候选人，
Alf Landon. 阿尔夫.兰登。
They know if elected, Landon would do what they want. 他们知道如果当选，兰登会照他们说的做。
So they bankroll his entire campaign. 所以他们资助了他的整个竞选活动。
Let's drink. 让我们喝一杯。
[Narrator] With du Pont fronting almost a third of it. [旁白] 杜邦几乎占了三分之一。
By election night, they hope it's enough. 到选举之夜，他们希望这就够了。
[FDR] This Baseball park is a good place [罗斯福] 这个棒球公园是
to talk about box scores. 谈论比分的好地方。
(crowd cheers) [群众欢呼声]
From where I stand, it looks as if the game was pretty well in the bag. 在我看来，这场比赛已经是十拿九稳了。
(crowd cheers) [人群欢呼声]
[Reporter] President Roosevelt was cheery as ever when he went into the booth to record his own vote [记者] 当罗斯福总统走进投票站记录自己的投票时，他一如既往地高兴，
and a few hours afterwards,his optimism was justified. 几个小时后，他的乐观是有道理的。
Broadway went mad as the former president was returned again with the biggest majority ever known in American politics. 当这位前总统， 以美国政坛有史以来，最大的多数票再次当选时，百老汇一片疯狂。
(crowd cheers) [人群欢呼声]
In an election of 42 million votes,the president wins the most overwhelming victory in the country's history 在4200万张选票的选举中，总统赢得了该国历史上最压倒性的胜利，
and the greatest popular election in the history of the world. 也是世界历史上最伟大的普选。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐声]
[Narrator] FDR has been reelected president in a landslide. [旁白] 罗斯福以压倒性优势再次当选总统。
He carries all but two states. 除了两个州，他都获得了支持。
The Liberty League's efforts are for nothing. “自由联盟”的努力是徒劳的。
The Liberty league failed for one very simple reason. “自由联盟”失败的原因很简单。
Roosevelt's policies were working. 罗斯福的政策是有效的。
The Liberty League had a very weak argument. “自由联盟”的论据很弱。
What were they defending? 他们在捍卫什么?
Going back to Herbert Hoover? Who would support that? 回到赫伯特·胡佛时代? 谁会支持呢?
[Narrator] FDR's reelection means four more years of fighting with the White House. [旁白] 罗斯福的连任,意味着又要与白宫斗争四年。
At this point, the titans and FDR are bitter adversaries. 在这一点上，巨头和罗斯福是死对头。
But what none of them realize is the real enemy is 4,000 miles away. 但他们都没意识到，真正的敌人，在4000英里之外。
He's building up his army and is growing more powerful every day. 他正在壮大自己的军队，一天比一天强大。
(dramatic music) [戏剧性的音乐]
(airplane engine hums) [飞机引擎嗡嗡作响]
[Narrator] Since the devastating loss of his son, [旁白] 自从他失去了儿子，
Charles Lindbergh has been in hiding. 查尔斯·林德伯格一直在躲藏。
But now he's back in the pilot seat, testing a new plane. 但现在他又回到了飞行员的位置上，测试一架新飞机。
For Hitler. 为了希特勒。
Charles Lindbergh had been living in Europe since the early thirties. 查尔斯·林德伯格自30年代初起，就一直生活在欧洲。
Lindbergh had had it with the press after his child was kidnapped and murdered. 在他的孩子被绑架和谋杀后，林德伯格已经受够了媒体。 (琳妮.奥尔森，《在那些愤怒的日子里》作者及历史学家)
[Narrator] Hitler has spent the last five years building a massive military. [旁白] 希特勒在过去的五年里建立了一支庞大的军队。
His Luftwaffe air force is the crown jewel and he wants the world to know. 他的德国空军，是皇冠上的明珠，他想让全世界都知道。
While living in Europe,Lindbergh was invited to come to Germany by Herman Goehring,head of the Luftwaffe. 在欧洲生活期间，林德伯格受到德国空军司令赫尔曼·戈林的邀请来到德国。
[Narrator] Lindbergh is the first American to see the German war machine up close. [旁白] 林德伯格是第一个，近距离观察德国战争机器的美国人。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐]
This is part of his legacy. 这是他保守的一部分。
Charles Lindbergh went from being an American hero to a friend of the Nazis. 查尔斯·林德伯格，从一个美国英雄，变成了纳粹的朋友。 （阿曼达.古德哈特.帕克斯，新英格兰航空博物馆历史学家）
[Narrator] To Hitler, the American hero is the perfect pawn to deliver Germany's message. [旁白] 对希特勒来说，这位美国英雄是传递德国信息的完美棋子。
Hitler hopes that Lindbergh would be incredibly impressed 希特勒希望林德伯格对德国人在
with the progress that the Germans had made in terms of aircraft production. 飞机生产方面取得的进步印象深刻。
And he proved to be right. 事实证明，他是对的。
(dramatic music) [戏剧性的音乐]
(cameras click) [照相机快门按动声]
华盛顿特区 战争部
[Narrator] Upon returning to America,Lindbergh brings a dire warning. [旁白] 回到美国后，林德伯格带来了一个可怕的警告。
The Messerschmidt is not like any other plane. 梅塞施密特飞机与其他飞机不同。
It's in a different league. 这是一个不同的级别。
And trust me, I have flown the best. 相信我，我飞过的飞机中，它表现得最好。
What makes it so good? 是什么让它表现这么好?
It's fast, 380 miles an hour. 速度很快，每小时380英里。
The fastest in the book. 是所有记录中，最快的。
It can fly higher than any other plane, 20,000 feet. 它能飞得比其他任何飞机都高，2万英尺。
[Man] How many do they have? [男人] 他们有多少?
Around 5,000, but they are building more. 大约5000架，但他们正在建造更多。
Bombers, too. 也有轰炸机。
If there was a war, no country in Europe would stand a chance against Germany. 如果发生战争，欧洲没有一个国家有机会对抗德国。
Come to think of it, neither would America. 现在我认为，美国也不行。
Lindbergh was incredibly impressed by the new bombers, the new fighters that Germany had developed. 林德伯格对德国研制的新型轰炸机，留下了难以置信的深刻印象。
He did exactly what Hitler wanted him to. 他做了，希特勒希望他做的事。
He basically told the rest of the world that he thought Germany was invincible. 他基本上告诉全世界，他认为，德国是不可战胜的。
[Narrator] By 1937, Hitler's army is a half a million strong [旁白]到1937年，希特勒的军队已经有50万之众，
and is on track to quadruple in size in less than two years. 而且在不到两年的时间里，其规模将增长四倍。
And there's more bad news. 还有更多的坏消息。
Japan has just invaded China and also has built up a huge army. 日本刚刚入侵中国，也建立了庞大的军队。
Suddenly you have two super power armies and it's obvious they're on the March. 突然间，你有了两个超级大国的军队，很明显他们在进军。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
[Reporter] In Tokyo,there is widespread rejoicing. [记者] 在东京，人们普遍感到兴奋。
Now, say the Japanese generals, it is our turn. 现在，日本将军们说，轮到我们了。
Japan marches in China against... 日本在中国进军，反对…
[Narrator] FDR realizes war is inevitable. [旁白] 罗斯福意识到战争是不可避免的。
As he saw Japan going to war against China,Roosevelt thought, okay, this is trouble. 当他看到日本要对中国开战时，罗斯福想，好吧，这是个麻烦。 （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
The United States will suffer if the Japanese gain control of East Asia. 如果日本控制了东亚，美国将会遭殃。
As Germany rearmed for war, he saw how the United States would inevitably get involved, 当德国重新武装起来准备打仗时，他看到美国将不可避免地
drawn into a war in Europe. 卷入欧洲战争。
[Narrator] But there's a huge problem. [旁白] 但有个大问题。
During the depression, FDR has been focusing on rebuilding America's economy 在大萧条期间，罗斯福一直专注于重建美国经济
and infrastructure and spent virtually no money on its own military. 和基础设施，几乎没有在自己的军事上花任何钱。
America's situation, as far as being prepared for fighting a modern war, was pretty abysmal. 美国的状况，就准备打一场现代战争而言，是相当糟糕的。 （阿瑟.赫尔曼，《自由的铸造》的作者及历史学家）
We had maybe the 18th largest military in the world. 我们的军队可能在世界上排名第18。
Holland had a bigger military than we did. 荷兰的军队都比我们强大。
Hungary had a better military than we did. 匈牙利的军队比我们强。
[Narrator] FDR knows he must quickly build up America's military. [旁白] 罗斯福知道，他必须迅速建立起美国的军队。
Tanks, ships, planes, munitions 生产坦克，船只，飞机，军火
on an industrial scale never before attempted 的工业规模，在美国历史上
in American history. 从未有过。
America's going to need to build hundreds of factories and hire millions of workers. 美国将需要建造数百家工厂，雇佣数百万工人。
And there are really only a few people in the country equipped in that moment to be able to do that. 在那个时刻，这个国家只有少数人，有能力做到这一点。
Titans like Ford, du Pont, Morgan, Chrysler and Boeing. 像福特、杜邦、摩根、克莱斯勒和波音这样的巨头。
I think there's an irony that Roosevelt has to turn to some of the people he vilified, 我认为讽刺的是，罗斯福不得不求助于，他所诋毁的一些人， （杰瑞米.苏里，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
but that's how American capitalism works. 但这就是，美国资本主义的运作方式。
[Narrator] And now FDR needs these titans, [旁白]现在罗斯福需要这些巨人，
the very people he's condemned, to help save the world. 这些曾遭他谴责的人，来帮助拯救世界。
Next time on the Titans That Built America. 下集《缔造美国的泰坦》
(gun blasts) [炮火声]
As World War II begins in Europe,FDR needs help preparing for battle. 随着第二次世界大战在欧洲爆发，罗斯福需要帮助准备战斗。
You're asking me to start producing munitions again? 你是要我重新开始生产军火吗?
The president is asking, as well. 总统也是在问。
The same President who labeled me the merchant of death. 就是那个给我贴上死亡商人标签的总统。
[Narrator] After years of the Great Depression,Americans have no appetite for another crisis. [旁白]在经历了多年的大萧条之后，美国人对另一场危机没有兴趣。
You can tell FDR that Ford makes cars, not planes. 你可以告诉罗斯福，福特是造汽车的，不是造飞机的。
If he wants planes, you can tell him to go to a damn plane maker. 如果他想要飞机，你可以让他去找该死的飞机制造商。
[Narrator] But a surprise attack at Pearl Harbor [旁白] 但珍珠港遭到突然袭击。
(bomb blasts) [爆炸声]
changes everything. 一切都改变了。
Sir, please come quickly. 先生，请快来。
[Radio] The bombing of Pearl Harbor by enemy planes... [收音机] 敌机轰炸珍珠港……
[Narrator] It will take America's industrial might to build the greatest war machine on earth [旁白]要打造地球上最强大的战争机器，需要动用美国的工业力量，
and the stakes couldn't be higher. 而且赌注太高了。
We're moving as fast as we can. 我们已经尽快行动了。
Every adjustment means a delay in the assembly. 每一次调整，都意味着装配的延迟。
We have a problem with the M-3? 我们对生产M-3型有问题吗?
They're a complete disaster. 他们完全是场灾难。
(dramatic music) [戏剧性的音乐]
[Narrator] Now the Titans must put aside their differences with each other [旁白]现在泰坦们必须把彼此之间的分歧
and FDR and unite. 和罗斯福的分歧放在一边，团结起来。
Their goal is to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction. 他们的目标是，制造一个持续的，原子核“链式反应”。
[Narrator] The fate of the world rests in their hands. [旁白] 世界的命运掌握在他们手中。
It's only a matter of time. 这只是时间问题。
(dramatic music) [戏剧音乐]
翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick 时间轴：hardstick